Chinese and English terms used by air

国际民用航空组织 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
　国际航空运输协会 International Air Transport Association (IATA)
　班机运输 Scheduled Airline
　包机运输 Chartered Carrier
　集中托运 Consolidation
　航空快递 Air Express
　航空运单 Air Waybill
　航空主运单 Master Air Waybill (MAWB)
　航空分运单 House Air Waybill (HAWB)
　计费重量 Chargeable Weight
　重货 High density cargo
　轻货 Low density cargo
　特种货物运价 Specific Commodity Rates (SCR)
　等价货物运价 Commodity Classification Rates (CCR)
　普通货物运价 General Cargo Rates (GCR)
　集装设备 Unit Load Devices (ULD)
　比例运价 Construction Rate
　分段相加运价 Combination of Rate
　声明价值费 Valuation Charges
　运输声明价值 Declared value for Carriage
　不要求声明价值 No Value Declared (NVD)
　海关声明价值 Declared Value for Customs
　无声明价值 No customs valuation (NCV)

Airport code

Airport code has the following categories:
IATA airport code: by the International Air Transport Association (International Air Transport Association, referred to as IATA) number of airports, usually consists of three letters. It is published in the IATA airport code directory, is the most common airport code, used on public occasions.
ICAO airport code: the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organizition, referred to as ICAO) established, at the specified ICAO's DOC7910, with four letters to identify the airport, and less in public use, mainly for air traffic management sector Transfer flight dynamics.

The airport code for more inquiries, please see "Freight Tools" and "code words query"

Cargo types

Carrying goods primarily specialized shipping. Most of its goods storage space for the cargo hold of the heap. Cargo ship hull many, the size of the disparity, displacement from hundreds of tons to several hundred thousand tons.
Dry bulk
Also called bulk cargo, dedicated to deliver coal, ore, grain, fertilizers, cement and steel bulk materials. At present the number after oil tanker. Its features, cab and cabin arrangement in the cargo mouth wide; Starboard side within between soleplate with upward raked edge motherboard connections, facilitate goods into the central focus, under deck cargo distribu-ted and hatch place has the tilt of the top edge of tank to limit goods movement, There are more ballast for water ballast voyage. According to the carriage of goods is different, can divide again for ore ship, collier and bulk grain ship, bulk concrete boats, transports boat, etc.
Liquid cargo
Special carriage liquid cargo ships. Liquid goods are mainly oil, liquefied petroleum gas, water and chemical liquids, etc. One of the largest volume is petroleum and products. According to the carriage of goods is different, can divide again for crude oil ship, oil ship, liquid chemical tanker, gas carrier.the etc.
Crude oil ship
Specially for the carriage of crude oil tanker vessel, abbreviation. Due to the volume of crude oil tanker load huge, can reach more than 50 million tons, is the attributes of the ship. The general structure for single bottom, with the improvement of environmental protection requirement, positive double shell structure, the double bottom form evolution. Superstructure set in the stern. Deck there is no big hatch, with pump and pipeline loading and unloading of crude oil. Equipped with heating facilities at low temperature of crude oil heating, prevent solidification and impact loading and unloading. Super-large tankers draught can reach 25 meters, often cannot ashore loading and unloading, and must use underwater pipe to loading and unloading of crude oil.
Oil ship
Special carriage diesel, gasoline, such as petroleum products of ships. Structure and crude oil ship similar, but tonnage is smaller. Have high fire prevention, explosion-proof requirements.
General cargo ship
Also called general cargo ship and general dry cargo ship, mainly used for TongHuo or loading general packaging, bags, cartons and draught pieces of miscellaneous goods. Due to the smaller piece goods batch, miscellaneous general cargo ship the tonnage is also for small bulk and oil. The typical carrying amount within 1 ~ 2 tons, double deck is generally, equipped with perfect unloads cargo equipment. Cargo and deck more, facilitate stratified space goods. New general cargo ship for many purposes, both general type can carry ordinary break-bulk, also can carry bulk cargo, bulky goods, refrigerated goods and container.
Container ship
Also called box, container ship or loading container ship, is a kind of special carriage container ships. Its all or most of the cabin to loading container, often in decks or cabin on can also be stacked container. The cargo container ship mouth wide and long, according to the size of the cargo loaded box requirements normalization. Handling efficiency high, greatly reducing the stop port time. In order to obtain the better efficiency, its speed generally higher than all other parts of the ship and tiptop was more than 30 knots.
Liquid chemicals ship
Specially used for transporting poisonous and volatile, belong to the dangerous goods liquid chemicals, such as methanol, sulfuric acid, benzene, etc of ships. Cargo areas, both for double shell structure in order to decrease the damaged goods overflow of ship when danger. Cargo and crew accommodation, water and cabin with voids place such as isolation. Cargo volume according to the shipment of goods the degree of danger of certain limits.
Liquefied gas transports
Special transport liquified gases of ships. Which transport liquified gases have liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, liquefied ammonia liquid chlorine, ethylene, etc. These bulk liquid boiling point of the lower, more for inflammable and explosive dangerous goods, some still of hypertoxic or strong corrosive. So complex structure, cargo ships liquefied gas high cost.
According to the liquid gas storage liquid gas transports way into three categories: the pressure type, semi type and cooling type. In pressure type gas carrier.the, goods at room temperature loading in ball or cylinder type of changeover liquid tank. Coldpressing type and cooling type bulk liquid gas ship to goods of temperature and pressure are controlled, so need to tank insulation and goods cooling device.
Reefer vessel
Special carriage like fruits, vegetables, meat and fish need to be kept cold cargo ships. Often, a multi-layer deck cargo into independent space within usually enclosed space. The ship has high-power cooling device, can be in rugged environment, make each reefer cargo hold in the goods required the right temperature.
Load barges
Special ships carrying freight barge, also called mother ship. The mode of transportation and container transportation way similar, because the goods can barge as able to float on water container. The transport process is: before loading the goods in uniform specifications of goods barge (square boat), and then the son goods barge outfit upload barges (mother ships), load barges goods/NLS reach the port of destination, to deliver the goods to the barge, again by the water discharge tugboat distribute their destination. Load barges characteristic is need not wharf and container, loading and unloading of high efficiency, and sea - river transport. But due to cost is high, the goods of distributing organization complex barge, its development also is restricted.
ro-ro
Vehicles using fluctuation to unload the goods multipurpose vessel, initially also calls rolling rolling the boat. With container trailers and equipped with bulky cargos of goods of pulleys tray as freight units, by the tractor or forklift direct pass in and out for loading and unloading cargo. Ro-ro usually in the stern with goods door and the springboard, the vehicles can be through the springboard, the goods door and each deck between activities of the ramp or lift platform, directly into the deck. Therefore ro-ro don't need ships or dock traditional unloads cargo equipment and obtain high loading efficiency.

All kinds of bill of lading nouns explanation

1) BILL OF LADING
Refers to a kind of that proves the maritime transport contract and the goods by the carrier has taken over or shipment, as well as the carrier which guarantee at destination delivery of documents.
2) HOUSE B/L
It is to point to by freight agent issued by the bill of lading. Freight bill of lading is often goods shipped from inland and shipped to the inland when issued. International freight forwarders usually use this bill of lading. General forwarder to meet customer's pour sign or other owner cannot satisfy the requirement also used this bill of lading.
3)MASTER B/L
Refers to the bill of lading issued by the owner.
4) SHIPPED OR BOARD B/L
Show carrier to the shipper issued by the goods have been shipped the bill of lading.
5) RECEIVED FOR SHIPPING B/L
Show carrier although has received the goods but not yet when loading issued by the bill of lading.
6)DIRECT B/L
Means goods from loading port after shipment, midway without changing a direct steamer to sail unloading port of discharge and issued by the bill of lading.
8) THROUGH B/L
Refers to the carrier at loading port issued to transshipment transport and midway through the destination of the bill of lading.
9) MT B/L
Means goods by sea, inland, railways, highways, aviation and two or more transport ways.the combined transport and sign the applicable YuQuanCheng transportation bill of lading.
10) LINER B/L
Liner is in a certain course according to the schedule, published in the provision of port for two consecutive engaged in freight of ships. The liner can be divided into fixed line regularly and fixed line not regularly two kinds.
11) CHARTER PARTY B/L
Generally refers to use chartering carrier charterer of all the goods, the owners of the bill of lading signed for the charterer, or not all shipment of the goods, and the charterer by the owner or charterer bill of lading.
12) STRAIGHT B/L
That is with the bill of lading named consignee can take delivery of the bill of lading, generally have no liquidity.
13) ORDER B/L
There are usually unlisted instructions (only written instructions (made), listing OF SHIPPER or made made OF CONSIGNEE * * * * made OF specific; somebody). This bill of lading through instructing endorsement after may be assigned.
14) BLANK B/L or OPEN B/L
The bill of lading inside without any consignee or made any words, namely the bill of lading holder has the right to take delivery.
15) CLEAN B/L
Goods shipment, surface in good condition, the carrier does not add any issue bills of lading 200s, packing, or other interferes with the settlement of notation.
16) FOUL B/L
Goods shipment, its packaging and surface condition appear solid integrity, etc., the ship could notation, is not a clean bill of lading.
17) PARCEL RECEIPT or NON-NEGOTIABLE RECEIPT
Suitable for small goods, baggage or samples, etc.
18) MINIMUM B/L
Freight rate did not arrive the specified minimum allowance, but the lowest freight chargeable according to regulations.
19) OMNIBUS B/L or COMBINED B/L
Refers to the number of different batch goods merger in a bill of lading, or different batch number of the same liquid goods packaged in a cabin issued several oil, bill of lading, the former call and bill of lading, the latter that assembles the bill of lading.
20) SEPARATE B/L
Refers to a batch of goods, namely the same shipping orders of goods, but according to the requirements of the shipper respectively in two sets of two sets of the bill of lading or above.
21) STALE B/L
Refers to the exporters to the bank settlement date documents with the shipment of the fixed date distance is too long, that he can't in ship to the destination port of destination consignee before delivery of bill of lading, the bank generally does not accept this bill of lading.
22) SWITCH B/L
Refers to the port of shipment to issue bills of lading in intermediate port after a set of bill of lading shall be separately renewal, as the goods by midway or stepping-stone shipment .
23) ANTI-DATED B/L
Refers to the demand of the shipper, the carrier shall be in after loading, bill of lading issued earlier than the date of actual shipment completion date of bill of lading.
24) ADVANCED B/L
For shipment and settlement in the credit and expiry of goods timely shipment, but for the carrier has already start shipment under or master, issued by the shipper undertaking require the carrier to advance borrowed the bill of lading.
25) ON DECK B/L
Means cargo loaded on board a ship open decks, and mark "deck" type of bill of lading.

The customs inspection

A summary, business
China's customs execute audit system according to law within prescribed period of import and export enterprises and institutions of the accounting books and other material and related goods checks to determine the lawful degree enterprise import and export activities. The customs audit conclusion "is import and export enterprises credit identification is an important basis. Audit found or violation, the customs to administrative penalty by auditing people.
Import and export enterprises and institutions shall be in accordance with the accounting law of the People's Republic of China and other regulations regulation, set up and prepare accounting vouchers, account books, accounting statements and other accounting information, establish sound financial management system, authentic, accurate and complete records and reflect the import and export activities; In the meantime, should according to the law, the time limit for keeping the safekeeping accounting vouchers, account books, accounting statements and other accounting information, according to customs inspection period import and export declaration documents, safekeeping contract and the import and export business directly related other material.
* customs inspection period for:
1, duty reduction or exemption in imported goods under customs supervision within the time limit,
2, bonded goods in the provisions of customs supervision period, or which is expected to formally transported out/import within three years,
3 and other import and export goods in the customs procedures within three years,.
Second, handle affairs according
The PRC customs law"
The PRC import and export tariffs byelaw"
The PRC customs inspection byelaw"
The PRC customs inspection regulations implementing way"
Three and agencies
Shanghai customs bureau
Shanghai customs district/county competent customs
Four, handle affairs preparation
1, pursuant to the provisions below the customs inspection period import and export declaration documents, safekeeping contract and the import and export business directly related other material.
(1) duty reduction or exemption in imported goods under customs supervision within the time limit,
(2) bonded goods in the provisions of customs supervision period, or which is expected to formally transported out/import within three years,
(3) other import and export goods in the customs procedures within three years,.
2, according to customs requirements and provide relevant import and export of goods purchase, sale, processing, use, loss, inventory of written materials and the balance sheet, income statement, etc accounting statements.
3 and cooperate with the customs inspection, its legal representative or major person-in-charge or its designated representative shall be present, truthfully report the situation to them and provide necessary working conditions.
4, in customs copy books, documents and relevant documents concerning the documents issued by the customs office on signature, stamp.
5 and receipt of audit report within 7 days at the date forward comments in writing to the customs. At the end of the overdue submitted, as no opinion.
Five and agencies obligations
1, implementation audit before the customs inspection notice issued by auditing, notice of people (JingHang inspection except).
2, should be composed of not less than two people, and to be JiZhaZu people show the auditing of the People's Republic of China customs inspection certificate.
3, audit report by auditing views solicited.
4, make the customs audit conclusion "and delivered by auditing person (subject to review of except).
Six, operation procedures
* notice
Customs decision of enterprise for auditing, advance 3, the customs inspection notice "service enterprise, enterprise receiving the notification shall promptly and customs in the notice of the relation, and prepare audit scope account books, documents and corresponding business related material.
When the firm has major illegal suspected, enterprise's accounting vouchers, account books, accounting statements, accounting computerization material, declaration forms and other relevant information or import and export goods may be transferred or destroys without authorization, and special circumstances customs where necessary, the customs don't notice enterprise and JingHang auditing. JingHang auditing customs will face the customs inspection notice "service enterprise.
* implementation
The customs for auditing, enterprise should cooperate with customs inspection work, its legal representative or major person-in-charge or its authorized representative shall attend, truthfully report the situation to them and provide necessary working conditions.
This stage, the customs inspectors to consult, copy of enterprise information concerning account books, documents. According to the requirements of enterprises should provide the relevant information to assist inventory, copy, and in the copy signature, stamp. When the customs inspectors to think, when necessary, may to the enterprise concerned personnel to produce the an interrogation record ", the enterprise concerned personnel shall truthfully answer customs officers, asking questions after an interrogation record "in" sign (stamp).
When the customs inspectors to think is necessary, but of the production of the enterprise management place and import and export goods storage place for inspection. When the examination, the enterprise's legal representative or major person-in-charge or its authorized representative shall attend, in accordance with the customs requirements open place, moving the goods, open and restoring the package. After the check, the enterprise should fill in the customs personnel of the inspection record "sign (stamp).
When the customs inspectors to think is necessary, may to the enterprise's books, documents and relevant materials such as the implementation of preservation. Sealed customs shall issue an seal, and the notice of account books, documents, and other related materials with customs special FengZhi. Enterprise on the seal shall be counted in the thing after notification of seal attached list signature (stamp).
* report
The customs inspectors according to audit situation, and write audit report for enterprise opinion.
Enterprise receiving audit report within 7 days after, should submit a written memorandum to JiZhaZu, fails to submit, regard as no opinion.
* conclusion
The customs in the audit report received enterprise feedback within 30 days from the date of making the customs audit conclusion, "and service enterprise. Auditing over. The customs in audit found in enterprise have smuggling, ACTS in violation of customs supervision provisions behavior, suspected of customs investigation department handed over to initiate an investigation.
Seven, handle affairs time limit
For auditing 3rd distributing the customs inspection notice ", inform the audit (JingHang inspection except).
By checking people feedback audit report within 30 days from the date of making the customs audit conclusion "and delivered by auditing person (subject to review of except).

Export VAT refund declaration formalities

1. The export goods tax rebate enterprises should be at its export cargo transport of the customs formalities, to the declaration of export goods customs to apply for the tax refund declaration (yellow). Export goods in port customs directly handle export formalities, the enterprise in port customs. Export goods customs declaration in the mainland after landway export to port custom, the mainland customs upon receipt of notification of the landway port custom acknowledgement, just the grant to deal with export goods customs declaration tax refund. The customs according to the actual amount of export goods, and prices of export goods customs declaration issued special, and by formulary collection the application fee. Issued by customs declaration of export goods tax refund for: loading time of export goods transport the customs procedures, to the date of the customs of the date on which the goods within six months.
2. Apply for export tax rebates on export goods must be real leaves, therefore, deposit export supervised warehouse the goods for export goods warehouse to stay extracted and load transport leaves, issued by the customs to export goods customs declaration form. Installed with tax Through the transit mode deposit export supervised warehouse the goods, the enterprise should cargo transport situation leaves, to apply for export goods customs declaration form tax refund.
3. Extraction export bonded warehouse the goods sold to domestic enterprises or foreign invested enterprise processing products and re-export, the customs according to the relevant provisions in the carryover processing, no sign of export goods customs declaration tax refund.
4. Enterprise lost issued by customs of export goods customs declaration can fill do tax refund, fill do time since the export goods for export supervised the customs formalities within six months of the date of. Fill do, enterprise should first to competent its export tax refund prefecture (city) state administration of taxation, the tax authorities after verification apply for export goods does not dealt with an drawback, issue the issue about application (fill do customs declaration) proof of the report. Enterprises have the report, should to export goods issued by the customs to apply for the customs formalities. The customs by "report" BuQian exports refund the customs declaration form.
5. Enterprises processing with imported materials export goods apply for export tax rebates, must hold the competent foreign economic and trade department approved to send its export tax refund the competent tax authorities audit instrument, and the tax agency registration and collection will copy retained for future reference. The customs shall have the competent tax authorities the seal of export tax rebates, the competent foreign economic and trade department of pharmaceutical raw materials, can handle export registration handbook "." Enterprise for failing to enforce processing on contract, need to hold the "registration handbook" or the customs proof to the competent taxation authority deregistration formalities.
6. Foreign investment enterprises apply for export goods drawback, in accordance with the PRC provisional regulations on VAT and the relevant provisions of the state council, in 1994 after January 1, for industry and commerce registration of foreign investment enterprise production and export goods, and in compliance with the export commodity tax refund (exemption) management measures of the customs of the export formalities, can apply for to deal with export goods customs declaration refund. Chap.
7. Export goods under special circumstances occur shut out or transported, such as customs has issued the export goods customs declaration, customs tax refund to the back into the customs declaration form, Such as enterprise to pay the state tax bureau for the tax refund formalities to revenue, it shall apply for the "export commodity already returned BuShui certificate, in conduction shut out or transported to declare with the shipper accompanied by an customs, just to check off or tools.
8. To export enterprise's illegal diddle drawback of behavior, by the customs in accordance with relevant regulations and tax authorities respectively processing.